Kebutuhan Praktikum Keanekaragaman Hayati Berbasis Fieldwork: Sebuah Studi Kasus di Salah Satu SMA Negeri di Kota Serang
Abstract
Pelaksanaan praktikum Biologi pada materi keanekaragaman hayati di sekolah masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, seperti keterbatasan fasilitas laboratorium, alat dan bahan praktikum, serta alokasi waktu pembelajaran, sehingga belum mampu memberikan pengalaman belajar yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan praktikum Biologi dan mengidentifikasi kebutuhan pengembangan praktikum keanekaragaman hayati berbasis fieldwork di salah satu SMA Negeri di Kota Serang, Indonesia sebagai dasar pengembangan pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan Kurikulum Merdeka. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan melibatkan satu guru Biologi dan 182 siswa kelas X sebagai subjek penelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara semi-terstruktur, dan angket, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktikum telah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan Kurikulum Merdeka, namun belum optimal akibat keterbatasan fasilitas laboratorium dan waktu pembelajaran. Sebanyak 79% responden menyatakan laboratorium tersedia, 80% pernah mengikuti praktikum, 79% memperoleh panduan praktikum, dan 92% mendukung pengembangan praktikum berbasis fieldwork. Selain itu, hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan sekolah memiliki potensi yang besar sebagai laboratorium alam untuk pembelajaran keanekaragaman hayati. Temuan ini mengimplikasikan bahwa praktikum berbasis fieldwork berpotensi menjadi alternatif pembelajaran yang lebih kontekstual, autentik, dan bermakna serta dapat menjadi dasar pengembangan modul atau panduan praktikum yang mendukung implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk mengembangkan dan menguji validitas, kepraktisan, serta efektivitas modul praktikum berbasis fieldwork pada berbagai karakteristik sekolah guna meningkatkan literasi sains, keterampilan proses sains, kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi, dan hasil belajar siswa.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.53889/jskkm.v4i2.909
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